NOTE :
1) make sure to read the TECHNICAL REPORT REQUIREMENTS DOC FILE before you start.
2) files attached are all drafts that I created myself please go over that one too once
3) please make sure to use all references in draft 4 and if you need more or extra you can add them.
4)Do check my outline and need my paper report like that.
5) I need 10 pages paper excluding citation , abstract and table charts
furthermore, we will discuss this in chat
thankyou
CSCI 303 Technical Report Requirements – Grading Rubric
Requirements described in Week 5 – No report submitted – grade is zero
Plagiarized papers will receive a grade of zero and the Dean of Students will be notified.
Use the format of the article from Week 1 as a guide for your paper.
Do not number the pages and do not put a header or footer in the paper.
Points
5 Title at the top of the first page (no title page and no table of contents)
Use your name as the author followed by the University information. Put this on one line.
Your Name, Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, A&M-Commerce
10 2 pts for each required heading which should be at the left margin (not centered).
Headings in the paper include the following: Do not capitalize the entire word
Abstract – bold font
Keywords– bold font
Introduction– bold font
Other major headings as needed– bold font
Subheadings as needed– use bold font
Conclusions– bold font
References– bold font
Do not use Roman numerals in the paper to number any heading; major headings are not numbered
Other requirements
5 Use acronyms when needed. For the first use of an acronym, type the complete phrase followed by the acronym in parentheses. For example, Bring Your Own Pencil (BYOP). After the first use of the phrase and acronym, you can just use the acronym.
20 number of pages 2 points/page – ( 5 pages or less: -5pts per page missing )
Minimum of 10 pages single-spaced – not including tables, figures and references
Font and size – Times New Roman 12 point
5 Standard margins – 1in top, bottom, left and right.
Do not use two columns as in the example article
15 ‘ In text ” citations – appropriate number of citations based on concepts included in the paper.
The in text citations must be in APA format. There must be at least one in text citation for each reference in the paper. Many paragraphs will contain (depending on content of the paragraph) more than one citation; a citation for a specific reference could appear multiple times in the paper.
No in text citations: paper will not be accepted (grade will be zero)
5 Tables must be identified as a Table with a number and title after the table
Figures must be identified as a Figure with a number and title after the figure
Images must be identifies as an Image with a number and title after the image.
For each of the three items that are included in the paper the first number will be 1 and each item is numbered independently. The next occurrence of a specific item will be the next larger integer.
If you did not create the table or figure, you must include an ‘in text’ citation so the reader can identify the source of the figure or table.
15 References – APA format must be used for the format.
References at the end must be in alphabetic order – see article from Week 1 for indentation format for the complete reference. For each reference in the list, you must have at least one ‘in text’ citation in APA format. If you do not cite a paper then do not include it in the reference list. This will be checked. In the reference list, the first line of the reference will be at the left margin and all remaining lines for each reference will be indented 5 spaces. All references must have a URL that is a hyperlink. References will be checked to see if they are valid.
10 Grammatical errors
10 Spelling Errors
Possible point deductions
This paper should be an organized report on a topic that was approved at the beginning of the semester. The content of various sections in the paper should adequately describe what the heading for the section indicates the content will be. Listing items that need a description but are not described in a section of the paper is not appropriate and provides no or little information for the reader of the paper who may know nothing about the paper topic.
Possible maximum point deductions
Disorganized paper: -10
Sections of the paper without adequate explanation: -10
Less than 10 references: -10
Missing citations where they are required to avoid plagiarism: -10
Drafts not submitted by the grading deadline: -10 for each draft not submitted
The final paper will be automatically submitted to the Turnitin plagiarism checker when it is uploaded to the drop box. Turnitin will assign a percentage score to the paper based on the amount of the text in your paper that can be identified as found in other articles or papers written by other students anywhere. The percentage score is also assigned a color code of blue, green, yellow, orange, or red. This information provides an indication of possible plagiarism found in the document submitted.
Possible points lost as the result of the Tiurnitin evaluation
Blue – no point deducted
Green – possible 5 point deduction
Yellow – possible 15 point deduction
Orange – possible 25 point deduction
Red – possible up to 75 point deduction
7
Importance of Nanotechnology in medicine
Bibhusit hamal, Department of Computer Science and Information System, A&M Commerce
Abstract
Nanotechnology has changed the technology field a lot and also there has been changes in the field of nanotechnology, since medicine have started to adopt it. These days the use of nanotechnology in medicine has become more usual in medical lines. It helps to get faster way to get cure for diseases such as cardio vascular .
Keywords: Next generation, nanotechnology in medicine, diseases, future medicine
Introduction
Nanotechnology, commonly shortened to nanotech, is a fairly new field with most applications still under research. Nanotech tries to use matter on a supramolecular, molecular and atomic level for industrial purposes. The early nanotechnology focused on manipulating nanotechnology atomic and molecular particles to create macroscale products. This field is today known as molecular nanotech. In the recent past, the definition of nanotech has been taken to be matter particles with diameters between 1 and 100 nanometers. At this scale, the particles start exhibiting a lot of quantum mechanical properties. These new properties must be taken into account when designing any products. Nanotechnology is mostly still in research and it will be interesting to see where it heads. Currently, nanotech is applied in many fields ranging from manufacturing to medicine. Nanoparticles can be organic, inorganic or biological. They can be engineered in the lab or exist in nature. Examples of nanoparticles in nature include smoke, volcanic ash, and salt particles among others. Some of the fields that have successfully applied nanotechnology include cosmetics, textiles, electronics, environmental conservation, automotive, energy, food security and medicine. All these applications have contributed significantly to the improvements in the specific industries. Examples of how nanotech is used in medicine include imaging and diagnosis, drug delivery, cancer treatment and cardiovascular treatment. This paper will look at nanotech and its uses in medicine and some of the advantages and disadvantages.
What is Nanotech
As already mentioned above, nanotechnology is the manufacture and use of devices in the nanoscale. Since they are small in size, a single particle by itself is useless. However, when used in mass, they can be controlled and their benefit realized.
Importance of Nanotech and its Uses in Medicine
Medicine is one of the fields that has benefitted from the research of nanotechnology. It is used in application ranging from imaging to cancer treatment. There are various types of cancer but they all start the same way and exhibit the same symptoms. Research is still ongoing into how nanotech can be used to treat the different types of cancers and other degenerative diseases. Medicine continues to be one of the largest beneficiaries of nanotech research as can be seen by all the various ways that nanotech is used in the field. The following are some of the major importance of nanotechnology in medicine.
Lowering Cost of Medication
Conditions that could not be detected on time such as cancers inside the organs can now are detected on time. Cancer is difficult to treat in advanced stages. However, when discovered early, it can be treated quickly and cheaply. The patients do not run the risk of requiring transplant any major organs such as the kidney or the liver. As a result, the cost of the whole treatment is lower than a single session at the late stages of the disease.
Quick Diagnosis
Many organs that require imaging for diagnosis of diseases are normally critical ones that it might become impossible to operate on them. As a result, the conventional imaging devices are normally used to do the imaging have to wait until the surface of the organ gets affected. The ability of nanotech to penetrate the organs and image the interior is normally makes diagnosis quicker. The imaging can detect the diseases at an early stage and treat them before spreading.
Where it is used in Medicine
Imaging and diagnosis
Imaging is used for diagnosis of various medical conditions. Imaging takes a photograph of bones organs and soft tissues and then studies it to find any anomalies. Imaging bones is the easiest because the doctor only needs an X-ray machine. However, imaging soft tissues and organs is not so easy. Ultrasound, CT and MRI among others are widely used to image the soft tissues and they have revolutionized diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. However, they only image the surface of the organs and tissues. Such imaging is useful if the damage to the organs is from the outside of the organ. If the damage is from the inside like how many diseases work, the imaging techniques listed above will not work. They will show anomaly when the damage reaches the surface. By the time that the damage gets to the surface, the disease is normally in advanced stages and treatment is difficult and prohibitively expensive. Nanotech can improve imaging by using nanoparticles to target and contrast the diseased tissues. There have been attempts to improve the imaging by using such agents. However, the agents that have been used in the past exhibited high metabolism and non-specific distribution. A better class of agents has recently emerged after research into nanotech showed that they can be targeted to the specific diseased tissue. They also do not have a high metabolism and are less likely to be toxic to the tissue. X rays, at first had difficulty targeting and contrasting the tissue because it needed heavy atoms to be delivered to the targeted area without causing toxic reactions. Nanotech research discovered that using inert atoms such as gold and silver achieved the purpose.
Drug delivery
Nanotechnology is also used drug delivery to targeted tissues. Normally, when an internal route for drug delivery to a tissue is not available, an external one is used. For example, when a tissue cannot be reached, a surgery or radiotherapy is carried out. Each of the methods has its pros and cons. Doctors determine the best option for a patient depending on various factors such as stage of the disease and type of medicine. They can also be used interchangeably and the intention is normally to permanently get rid of the infection disease or tumor. Nanotechnology has entered this space and they are providing alternatives to the two ways of drug delivery.
One reason why there might not a route for internal delivery is because the drug is toxic to other organs. Thus, in trying to treat one organ, the treatment could destroy others and leave them diseased. Nanotechnology can be used to deliver drugs safely. For example, doxorubicin is a drug that is highly toxic to many body organs. Despite, its high toxicity, it can be delivered to the tumor cells without affecting the heart or the kidneys. Moreover, paclitaxel and Genexol-PM can be used to treat metastatic breast cancer.
A good drug delivery systems needs to have two properties. First, it needs to have control over drug release. Secondly, it needs targeting ability to ensure that the drug goes to the desired location. This way, side effects are significantly lowered because the drugs will not get the opportunity to interact with other organs. The nanotech drug delivery system ensures long drug bioavailability. It also ensures that drugs that are hard to dissolve remain longer to be dissolved and used.
Cancer treatment
Many people all over the world have cancer. As it stands, today cancer does not have a uniform drug that works for all types of tumors. Every case of cancer is special and has to be treated differently from the rest of the cases. Since each case is unique, patients will spend a lot of time during diagnosis and treatment. Most cancer cases are discovered in late stages and make it difficult to treat because a lot of damage has occurred. Some cancers can be discovered early while others cannot and have to wait until it gets to the surface of the organ.
Most cancers are diagnosed by a form of imaging. Since the conventional imaging techniques cannot penetrate the surface of organs, they cannot be used to accurately diagnose onset of cancer. As a result, cancerous cells have to grow and reach the surface before they can be detected. The first use of nanotech in cancer treatment is in the imaging and diagnosing. It detects even the small tumors that would remain undetectable to normal imaging techniques.
After successful diagnosis, treatment follows. There are different ways to treat tumors. Surgery physically removes the tumor while other approaches such as radiotherapy seeks to kills the cells over time. Nanotechnology allows for drugs to be targeted and delivered to the diseased region without poisoning unintended parts. As a result, nanotechnology is a safer way to treat cancer using anticancer drugs. For example, paclitaxel has been approved by the FDA for use in metastatic breast cancer. Other drugs formulations are still under research and it is only a matter of time before they become approved and available. Nanotechnology can detect and treat various types of cancers and save the patients from pain and expensive treatment.
Cardiovascular treatment
The pumps the bloods and when it gets sick, most body organs might not function optimally. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death. Sadly, the death rate is increasing due to the lifestyles that many people are choosing to live. A few examples of some of the diseases include blockage of blood in flow in a region, hypertension, and stroke among others. These diseases if not treated can lead to death after a long disability. For example, the use of CREKA-peptide-modified-nanoemulsion loaded with 17-B has been shown to reduce early atherosclerosis by reducing lesion size. Liposomal drug delivery has been shown to reduce thrombosis and platelet aggregation.
Essential Characteristics of Nanotechnology in Medicine
Nanotechnology has different characteristics depending on how it is used in medicine. One characteristic that is shared by all the application is that it should be safe. It should be safe on all the body organs that it touches.
Benefits of Nanotechnology in Medicine
Problems of Nanotechnology in Medicine
Opportunities in Nanotechnology in Medicine
Challenges of Nanotechnology in medicines
Conclusion
References
Nanotechnology in Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities for Future Nanomedicine https://industrywired.com/nanotechnology-in-medicine-challenges-and-opportunities-for-future-nanomedicine/
What Is Nanotechnology? | National Nanotechnology Initiative
https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/definition
,
Title: Importance of Nanotechnology in Medicine and Challenges for The Future of Nanomedicine
Bibhusit Hamal, Department of Computer Science and Information System, A&M-Commerce
Introduction
The term "nanotechnology" was first used by Japanese scientist Norio Taniguchi in a 1974 paper on production technology that creates objects and features on the order of a nanometer. K. Eric Drexler was an American engineer who is best known for his work on the development of the molecular machine. In 1955, Watson was credited with developing molecular nanotechnology, which led to the development of nano systems machinery manufacturing. The invention of scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs) in the 1980s by IBM scientists and then the atomic force microscope allowed scientists to see materials at an unprecedented atomic level. Computer technology has improved so much in recent years that large-scale simulations of material systems are now possible using supercomputers. These studies explored the nanoscale structure and properties of materials.
Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, most industrialized nations created nanotechnology programs, which led to a widespread proliferation of nanotechnology activities. Nanomedicine is a relatively new science. Nanotechnology has only recently been investigated as a potential tool for medicine, medical technology, and pharmacology. Much of the research has been carried out since the 1990s, but there is still much to be learned about the potential benefits and limitations of this technology.
Nanotechnology is a relatively new technology that is only in its early stages of development. Microscopy has had a significant impact on biology, physics, and chemistry throughout the 20th century. It has spawned new disciplines, such as microelectronics, biochemistry, and molecular biology. For nanomedicine, the knowledge about cells' structures and functions is especially important. This includes understanding how cells interact with each other and how they communicate. This research only became possible in the early 20th century with the invention of innovative microscopes.
How are the medical applications of nanotechnology being used in a public?
In truth, nanomedicine is the use of nanotechnology to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of human diseases. If widely adopted, nanomedicine will fundamentally alter the practice of medicine and surgery. The following points can be used by doctors if nanotechnology is applied in laboratories and hospitals are as follows, one of the most popular applications of nanotechnology for many people is cancer therapy. There have been numerous significant developments in nanotechnology for colon and prostate cancer detection and treatment. The idea is to directly treat cancer cells by delivering medications inside of them using small molecules called nanoparticles, which won't harm healthy cells or tissues.
This, however, is only one method for curing cancer that involves nanotechnology. There are a few microscopic tools and techniques that can be utilized in camera scanning to identify, describe, and detect proteins utilizing dyes and gold particles, but the issue is that they are frequently time-consuming and inefficient. For the bioengineering and biomedical industries, information gleaned through protein-protein interactions (PPIs) can be a gold mine. As researchers work to lessen the proteins that cause cancer cells to spread throughout the body and thrive, it is conceivable to create tiny sensors utilizing nanotechnology to detect PPIs in blood serum. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), an intravenous drug that dissolves clots in the arterial wall and improves blood flow in the affected area, has been the subject of laboratory studies in mice that have demonstrated how the use of nanoparticles to deliver the drug can reduce the required dose of the drug, which lowers the risk of side effects. This is accomplished by affixing the chemical to groups of nanoparticles, which break apart and release the medication only in the area that is harmed.
How are public considering nanotechnology in medicine as a future medicine?
The creation of molecularly level functioning systems is known as nanotechnology. To benefit from special qualities that occur at the nanoscale, the field blends principles of engineering with physics and molecular chemistry. Here are a few ways that nanotechnology is influencing medical care in the future: The most recent FDA-approved smart pill that keeps track of when medication was taken is an illustration of this technology in action. The product enables users to track their own medication history using a smartphone or to let doctors and caregivers’ access to that information online. It is approved for adults with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Any advancement in the treatment of cancer will have a significant influence on society because over 40% of people will be diagnosed with the disease at some point in their lifetime. One of the main problems with traditional chemotherapy and radiation treatments is that healthy cells in the body may suffer collateral damage as a result of the procedure. Because of this, scientists are trying to use nanoparticles to specifically target cancer cells. Millions of people's lives have been enhanced by medical implants like knee and hip replacements, however one issue with these implants is the possibility of infection and inflammation following surgery. In many instances, infection symptoms are not recognized until it is too late, which makes therapy less successful or necessitates total implant replacement. Nanoscale sensors that are built right into the implant or its surroundings could find infections much earlier. It might be able to treat an infected area as soon as an infection appears when tailored drug delivery technology improves. Such instances highlight the genuine potential of nanotechnology in the medical industry. Soon, real-time treatment delivery and data collection from inside the body might transcend science.
How are public facing benefits and risks with nanomedicine?
The absorbability has been improved using nanotechnology. Drugs that are absorbed too quickly and eliminated from the body as waste before a course of treatment may be effective can also be treated with nanomedicine. Nanomedicine has the potential to lengthen the duration that a drug is active in the body. Drugs used to treat cancer must be properly targeted in order to prevent harm to the nearby healthy cells. Nanotherapeutics have the potential to increase medication target specificity as well as decrease drug volume, preventing the issue of buildup in healthy tissue. Beyond the concern for safety, there is the problem of how society should employ nanotechnology. Professor John Eckert of the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics claims that there have been many concerns expressed about the morality of using nanomedicine. In this fervent discussion, ethical issues include informed consent, risk assessment, toxicity, and human enhancement are only a few of the issues raised.
Conclusion
The findings presented here imply that increasing scientific effort and financing for medical applications of nanotechnology seem to be justified by the public's optimism about this field of study. Additionally, it requires that toxicologists, decision-makers, journalists, businesspeople, and others engage in a more responsible dialogue with the public about the nature and ramifications of this new technology platform.
References
The potential and the pitfalls of nanomedicine (nanowerk.com)
The Benefits of Nanomedicine (azonano.com)
Infographic: The Future of Nanotechnology in Medicine (visualcapitalist.com)
History of Nanotechnology – TryNano
Nanotechnology in Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities for Future Nanomedicine (industrywired.com)
This URL describes about exploring the economic impact of nanotechnology in medicine. Nanotechnology, in the field of medicine, has the potential to revolutionize drug delivery, gene therapy, diagnostics, and other areas of research, development and clinical application.
What Is Nanotechnology? | National Nanotechnology Initiative
This URL describes about what it is and how it is start.
,
Importance of Nanotechnology in Medicine and Challenges for The Future of Nanomedicine
Bibhusit Hamal, Department of Computer Science and Information System, A&M-Commerce
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe about the importance of nanomedicine in future and What Challenges are being identified by the public in relation to nanotechnology medicine?
1. Abstract:
1. Keywords: nanotechnology in medicine, diseases, future medicine, Public
1. Introduction: The history of nanomedicine and how it came into existence.
1. How are the medical applications of nanotechnology being used in a public
1. How are public considering nanotechnology in medicine as a future medicine
1. How are public facing benefits and risks with nanomedicine
1. History of nanotechnology:
1. Understanding Nano technology in medicine
a) The main uses of nanomedicine to public
b) Advantage and disadvantage of nanomedicine
c) challenges and opportunities for the future of nanomedicine
1. precise drug delivery
1. Drug discovery
1. Scarcity of Nanomedicine talent
1. Large scale Nanomedicine production
1. Conclusion
1. References
The potential and the pitfalls of nanomedicine (nanowerk.com)
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